Mercedes-Benz has filed a new patent for a solid-state battery architecture centred on an ultra-thin, multi-layer anode, as the company continues to address key barriers to commercialisation of next-generation EV batteries.
Details of the patent, highlighted in recent reports, indicate that the design focuses on improving stability, energy density and durability – three of the main challenges facing solid-state battery development.
The proposed anode structure consists of multiple nanoscale layers, including a metallic base layer – such as aluminium or magnesium – combined with additional protective and functional layers. These layers are engineered to reduce degradation during cycling and maintain structural integrity, while their extremely thin configuration is intended to maximise energy density.
Solid-state batteries replace the liquid electrolyte used in conventional lithium-ion systems with a solid material, offering the potential for higher energy density and improved safety. However, the technology has been held back by issues including interfacial instability, material expansion and degradation during repeated charge–discharge cycles.
Mercedes’ patent addresses these challenges at the electrode level. By using a multi-layer anode, the design aims to mitigate mechanical stress and chemical degradation, both of which are exacerbated when lithium metal or high-capacity materials are used. The layered configuration is intended to act as both a structural support and a protective barrier, helping to maintain performance over time.
The concept aligns with broader developments in solid-state battery research, where interface engineering and advanced material architectures are seen as critical to enabling practical deployment. In parallel work across the sector, ceramic solid electrolytes – such as garnet-type lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) or NASICON-structured materials – are being explored for their high ionic conductivity and compatibility with lithium metal anodes.
Such systems can theoretically deliver energy densities in the range of 350–650 Wh/kg and volumetric densities up to 1,200 Wh/L, significantly exceeding those of conventional lithium-ion batteries.
Mercedes and solid-state technology
Mercedes has already been actively developing solid-state technology in collaboration with partners including Factorial Energy, and has demonstrated prototype vehicles equipped with lithium-metal solid-state cells. These systems have shown the potential for extended driving range without increasing battery size, alongside improvements in safety and thermal management.
In addition to materials challenges, the company has also explored mechanical solutions to battery expansion – another key issue for solid-state systems – through innovations such as a “floating cell carrier” design that accommodates volume changes during cycling.
The newly disclosed anode concept builds on this work by targeting performance at the cell level, suggesting a multi-pronged approach to overcoming the remaining technical barriers.
Photo: Mercedes-Benz’s recently introduced GLC electric SUV (© Mercedes-Benz)
